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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Saxonium</span></h1>
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<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
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<span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Start</span><span style="display:none;">Skalenmarkierungen Ende</span>
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<p>Das <b>Saxonium</b>, auch verkürzt zu <b>Saxon</b> (oder auch in der französischen Form <b>Saxonien</b> gebraucht), ist in der <a href="Erdgeschichte" class="mw-redirect" title="Erdgeschichte">Erdgeschichte</a> eine als Bezeichnung heute nicht mehr verwendete regionale oder supraregionale <a href="Stufe_(Geologie)" title="Stufe (Geologie)">Stufe</a> des <a href="Perm_(Geologie)" title="Perm (Geologie)">Perm</a>. Sie wurde häufig synonym zu <a href="Rotliegend" title="Rotliegend">Oberrotliegend</a> verwendet. Das Rotliegend ist ein Begriff der <a href="Lithostratigraphie" title="Lithostratigraphie">Lithostratigraphie</a> und die Gleichsetzung mit einer (vermeintlich) chronostratigraphischen Einheit daher äußerst problematisch. Auch gibt es bei der Definition der Grenzen aus verschiedenen Gründen größere Probleme. Es wird empfohlen, den Begriff heute in Publikationen nicht mehr zu verwenden. Er ist jedoch von großem historischen Interesse, da er in der älteren Literatur weit verbreitet ist. Der Begriff Saxonium sollte aber nicht mit dem geotektonischen Begriff Saxonikum verwechselt werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte_und_Namensgebung">Geschichte und Namensgebung</h2></div>
<p>Das Saxonium wurde von den französischen Geologen Ernest Munier-Chalmas und <a href="Albert_de_Lapparent" title="Albert de Lapparent">Albert de Lapparent</a> 1893 vorgeschlagen. Sie wollten damit rote Sandsteine unter dem Zechstein bezeichnen, die bei <a href="Mansfeld" title="Mansfeld">Mansfeld</a> im südlichen Harzvorland aufgeschlossen sind. Die Gegend wurde damals ganz allgemein auch als Sachsen bezeichnet, liegt aber heute im Bundesland Sachsen-Anhalt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_und_Korrelation">Definition und Korrelation</h2></div>
<p>Die Basis des <i>Saxonium</i> (= Oberrotliegend sensu auctorum) ist äußerst problematisch. Sie wurde von Haubold & Katzung (1972) mit dem Ersteinsetzen der Spurenfossilien <i>Tambachichnium schmidti</i> und <i>Palmichnus tambachensis</i> in der Tambach-Formation des Thüringer Waldes definiert. Diese Definition ist völlig ungeeignet. Die beiden Spurenfossilien wurden nur im Thüringer Wald gefunden und können daher nicht zur Untergliederung des Rotliegend in anderen Dyas-Becken benutzt werden. <i>Tambachichnium schmidti</i> wurde später auch in älteren Formationen des Rotliegend im Thüringer Wald gefunden; zudem ist <i>Tambachichnium schmidti</i> ein Synonym von <i>Varanops microdactylus</i>. Spurenfossilien sind zudem stark überlieferungsabhängig. Boy & Fichter (1988) schlugen vor, das Saxonium mit der Basis der <i>Varanops microdactylus</i>-Zone in der Einheit N3 (= untere Nahe-Subgruppe) im Saar-Nahe-Becken beginnen zu lassen. Dieses Niveau liegt jedoch deutlich unter der ursprünglich vorgeschlagenen Grenze im Thüringer Wald.
</p><p>Die Obergrenze und damit die Grenze zum Thuringium ist ebenfalls mit vielen Unzulänglichkeiten befrachtet. Die Grenze des Thuringium fiel ursprünglich mit dem Einsetzen des Zechsteins zusammen. Später versuchte man die Grenze mit Hilfe von Mikrofloren zu definieren. Diese setzen aber in anderen Regionen offensichtlich schon wesentlich früher ein, so dass die Basis des Thuringium (und damit die Obergrenze des Saxoniums) sehr unterschiedlich korreliert wurde. Von manchen Autoren wurde die Untergrenze ins <a href="Kungurium" title="Kungurium">Kungurium</a> oder <a href="Artinskium" title="Artinskium">Artinskium</a> gestellt. Bisher wurde auch immer nicht berücksichtigt, dass das Oberrotliegend aufgrund der Oxidation von organischem Material praktische keine Mikrofloren geliefert hat.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Aufgrund der Schwierigkeiten, Grenzen für das Saxonium zu definieren, raten Menning et al. (2005) von der weiteren Benutzung des Begriffes ab.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quellen">Quellen</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h3></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Spencer G. Lucas, Joerg W. Schneider und Giuseppe Cassinis: <i>Non-marine Permian biostratigraphy and biochronology: an introduction.</i> In: Spencer G. Lucas, Giuseppe Cassinis und Joerg W. Schneider (Hrsg.): <i>Non-Marine Permian Biostratigraphy and Biochronology.</i> Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 265, 1-14, London 2006 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/reprint/265/1/1.pdf">PDF</a></span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatur">Literatur</h3></div>
<ul><li>Manfred Menning, Reinhard Benek, Jürgen Boy, Bodo-Carlo Ehling, Frank Fischer, Birgit Gaitzsch, Reinhard Gast, Gotthard Kowalczyk, Harald Lützner, Wolfgang Reichel und Jörg W. Schneider: <i>Das Rotliegend in der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland 2002 - „Paternoster-Stratigraphie“ auf dem Rückzug.</i> Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 41(1-3): 91-122, Stuttgart 2005 <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220078-0421%22&key=cql">0078-0421</a></span></span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratigraphie.de/">Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratigraphie.de/std2002/download/STD2002_large.pdf">Stratigraphische Tabelle von Deutschland 2002 PDF 7 MB</a></li></ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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